Why Women are Self-Employed? Empirical Evidence from Pakistan

Who Are Happier, Employed Women or Housewives?

  Background and Objectives: Today, happiness and life satisfaction play a crucial role in women’s health in every society. This study was conducted to compare the level of happiness and life satisfaction between employed women and housewives and to examine the factors affecting it.   Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 720 employed women and housewives in Kerman, Iran in 20...

Who Are the Self-Employed?

S or entrepreneurship, is commonly held to provide an important avenue for individuals to advance up the income ladder. For some, it may provide a better route than paid employment, while for others, who may be disadvantaged when pursuing paid employment, it may provide the only route.1 The perceived importance of selfemployment is reflected in government programs such as the U.S. Small Busines...

Online Robustness Appendix to “Are Household Surveys Like Tax Forms: Evidence from the Self Employed”

Are Household Surveys Like Tax Forms: Evidence from Income Underreporting of the Self-Employed*

There is a large literature showing that the self-employed underreport their income to tax authorities. In this paper, we quantify the extent to which the self-employed also systematically underreport their income in U.S. household surveys. To do so, we use the Engel curve describing the relationship between income and expenditures of wage and salary workers to infer the actual income, and thus...

Why dermatology patients are hospitalized? A study from Pakistan.

In most countries, there are no specified protocols or guidelines for admitting dermatology patients and admission criteria depend on assessment and sometimes the whim of the dermatologist. Although the severity and extent of the disease are the commonest reasons for hospitalizing dermatology patients, sometimes other factors also operate to provide comfort to the patient. This study was carrie...